Prescribing for Children and Adolescents There are many trea
Prescribing for Children and Adolescents There are many treatment… Prescribing for Children and AdolescentsThere are many treatment choices for PTSD, such as medication management, counseling, and behavioral treatment, with sometimes a combination for many clients. Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD) is a psychological disorder in which a person who earlier witnessed a horrific and inhuman incident fails to get over its after effect that leads to the development of fear, anxiety, and negativity. Like the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD, the patient’s behavior is Negativity for the surroundings and Lack of interest in routine activities. It is dependent on the. Advanced practitioners know what drugs FDA and non-FDA are approved and understand the potential risk and benefits. This paper will discuss FDA and non-FDA-approved medications for the use of PTSD, with risks and benefits and nonpharmacological treatment options that may prove to be beneficial. FDA-Approved Drug/Risk and Benefits The medicinal therapy will be used for the patient who has PTSD. Antidepressants are the drugs involved in balancing the levels of neurotransmitters that have an essential role in the regulation of emotions. A patient on the course of this drug will not have extreme episodes of mood swings and depression and will be able to relax, take adequate sleep, and take a proper diet. Examples of antidepressants are The SSRIs sertraline is, a medication approved by the FDA for PTSD. Sertraline is one of the safe drugs, and it was more effective in preventing PTSD symptoms than placebo, according to parent report but not child report. Based on this study, sertraline may prevent PTSD symptoms in children. Some common adverse effects can be seen with Nausea, Blurry vision, Headaches. Confusion, Fatigue, and Nightmares. However, these are typically tolerable enough to continue taking the medication. Keeping the risk and benefits in mind is essential to assess growth parameters with children (Stahl, 2014). Off-Label Drug/Risk and BenefitsOff-label drugs are drugs that have unapproved use. KIRMIZI et al. (2021) urged that off-label drugs are beneficial because they can be prescribed for a disease that is not approved to treat. Depression is characterized by long disease length, whereas one major disadvantage of current mainstream treatment of depression is a high rate of relapse and recurrence. A sustained antidepressant activity is proposed to facilitate the prevention of relapse/recurrence. Here we compared the long-term antidepressant effect of a traditional Chinese medicine formula, and a conventional antidepressant fluoxetine and revealing the underlying mechanism of long-term antidepressant effectiveness (Zou et al., 2022).Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly prescribed for major depressive disorder (MDD). One of the side effects is extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) of antipsychotics and antiemetics. It is a rare manifestation of antidepressants. It is often an unrecognized phenomenon in those using this medication (Ajufo & Basiru 2021). Because of no efficacy and safety being established, as with any antidepressant, it is essential to consider suicidal risk and inform the parents of the chance to observe them as well, as suicide is a significant risk factor for adolescents taking antidepressants (Harmon, 2019). Nonpharmacological InterventionMany types of nonpharmacological interventions may be utilized in the treatment ofPTSD in children and adolescents. The eye movement desensitization is one of the choices. This treatment was named after right-left eye movements, which, like any back-and-forth movement, can have a calming and integrating effect. This effect can also be achieved by (right-left) alternating touches, such as of the hands, or listening to bilateral music with sounds alternating between the right and left ear (Travers, 2021). It is odd because nothing this simple seems possible for treating something so mentally severe as PTSD. The advantage of this exercise is that some people say it helps for the moment. The disadvantages are that some said that it was a waste of time. There was no positive outcome, and it just made them aggravated.Clinical Practice GuidelinesThere are several critical components to the clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis,evaluation, and treatment of PTSD, which also help in justifying such treatment optionssuggested. The assessment for PTSD should begin between the ages of 6 years or younger, with treatment recommendations varying depending on the child’s age. The medication should be prescribed and titrated to ensure the child receives the optimal benefit with the slightest degree of adverse effects (Hilty et al., 2018). A diagnosis of PTSD should follow established guidelines in the DSM-V, with the evaluation including assessment of other conditions which commonly co-occur with PTSD, such as emotional and behavioral conditions, and should be managed as a chronic condition with the use of regular care (Hilty et al., 2018). Conclusion Many different treatment options can be used to manage PTSD. But, the advanced practitioner needs to understand the risk and benefits of the other medication options and best practice guidelines when administering certain medications to different age groups, as not all drugs are appropriate for the clients. It is also essential to keep in mind as well that medication management may not be the first option or the best for the age and symptoms, and that with the younger preschool children, non-pharmacological treatments might be a better choice, and for other children, a combination of medication management and behavioral therapy might be the best for them. Regardless of the treatment choice, a risk assessment should be foremost before starting any medication and explaining any potential adverse effects to the client and family. ReferencesAjufo, I., & Basiru, T. O. (2021). Akathisia is an Extrapyramidal Side Effect of Fluoxetine. Cureus, 13(6), e15797. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15797Harmon, A. (2019). Prozac. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.Hilty, D. M., Rabinowitz, T., McCarron, R. M., Katzelnick, D. J., Chang, T., Bauer, A. M., & Fortney, J. (2018). An update on telepsychiatry and how it can leverage collaborative, stepped, and integrated services to primary care. Psychosomatics, 59(3), 7-250.KIRMIZI, N. I., AYDIN, V., AKICI, N., BAYAR, B., & AKICI, A. (2021). Utilization of biotechnological drugs in rare diseases requiring the use of off-label drugs in children in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 51(4), 1791-1799. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2012-355Stahl, S. M. (2014). The prescriber’s guide (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University PressTravers, M. (2021, September 11). New Research Evaluates Patient Preferences For 5 Types of PTSD Treatments. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2021/09/12/new-research-evaluatespatient-preferences-for-5-types-of-ptsd-treatments/?sh=1ebe61d04d5bZou, Z., Huang, J., Yang, Q., Zhang, Y., Xu, B., Wang, P., & Chen, G. (2022). Repeated Yueju, But Not Fluoxetine, Induced Sustained Antidepressant Activity in a Mouse Model of Chronic Learned Helplessness: Involvement of CaMKII Signaling in the Hippocampus. Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (ECAM), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1442578==================================================================================Strengths and opportunities The s appeared to go on forever as I was answering them. Still, after the first thirty, I established a flow in my thoughts and strengthened myself by repeating that each contains fresh material essential for nursing education. Furthermore, since the case studies had their unique demographics, each inquiry allowed one to learn. In addition, the capacity to think critically was the critical strength of the 150 s. The practice test s are distinct from one another, and the concepts employed in one do not apply to the other (Zakhari, 2020). As each topic necessitated extra study, the most critical opportunity was to learn how to examine and obtain information from many sources. The problems also helped me enhance my problem-solving abilities. Most of the responses suggest remedies to various cancers, honing my ability to use my nursing expertise. Finally, the capacity to deal with numerous case circumstances has been built. Even though some of the s were tough and took a long time to answer, I finished the exam on time. Study Plan and Tasks Needed to Complete Each SMART GoalMy certification test preparation is critical since it will decide my success. Six phases comprise my preparation method, which I feel are realistic and vital for my trip. The first step is to assess how I study most effectively. Every plan must be customized to match the individual’s learning requirements and timetable. Instead of one long cramming session, I’ll read in many periods totaling more than an hour. I’ll set aside four to five hours of reading time for adequacy. The next step is to choose the appropriate study materials. To guarantee that the knowledge is current, I must search the internet for updated and peer-reviewed documents. It’s one of the SMART objectives that keep students from studying obsolete stuff. I don’t want to pass the irrelevant practice s to fail the test. Third, evaluating my knowledge is a step toward determining whether my objectives are feasible. I will sometimes take previous NP certification examinations to analyze my strengths and shortcomings as I continue my education. Fourth, I need to break down the test material to determine which sections I should concentrate on and devote more effort to studying. Reviewing the weakest subject and then taking the sample test s will determine how much I can cover in each study session. How many case studies have I correctly solved? How many of the s did I get wrong? These two s and devoting time to comprehending and learning from poor responses will sharpen me even more.Such an approach would also enhance my ability to perform and interpret a mental status examination while at the same time developing and prioritizing a differential diagnoses list (Hilty et al., 2018). The fifth stage is to provide a deadline to the plan to make it more time-bound. I plan to study the “Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Review and Resource Manual” (Johnson & Vanderhoef, 2016). I’ll have an entire written organization if I pencil out the study session on the calendar and note the subject I should cover for each time. Celebration is the last step. It may not seem instructive, but after putting in so much work, I need time to reflect on my progress and be grateful for how far I’ve come. Every nursing student should reflect on their successes on graduation day, breathe a sigh of relief, and smile. Resources Used to Accomplish Goals and Tasks Making a strategy is one thing; understanding how to study and achieve objectives is another. I will utilize the national certification exam licensing board exam application and case-based s to remove memorization and encourage critical thinking. I understand the importance of data and facts, but individuals’ circumstances are unique and situational, necessitating evidence-based judgment. I will constantly engage with journal articles on DSM-5 guidelines and mental status examinations. The second resource that will assist me in remembering most of the material read is to join a study group. Furthermore, when members discuss, they will have the chance to benefit from their experiences. Finally, even though not everything is covered on the national certification exam, I will focus my study on it while using a variety of approaches and resources. Instead of deferring the test until graduation, I should include it in my certification exam preparation. Conclusion The study plan for this course was revised, I recognized I had managed most of the SMART goals I set. I competencies in using psychometrically confirmed assessmenttools and leading psychotherapy sessions. Therefore, I reanalyzed my strengths andchances for improvement and found out I needed to work more on improving myassessment and diagnostic reasoning skills, performing and interpreting a mental statusexamination, and developing and prioritizing a differential diagnosis list. So, I set newSMART goals and a study plan will help me achieve them.References Hilty, D. M., Rabinowitz, T., McCarron, R. M., Katzelnick, D. J., Chang, T., Bauer, A. M., & Fortney, J. (2018). An update on telepsychiatry and how it can leverage collaborative, stepped, and integrated services to primary care. Psychosomatics, 59(3), 7-250.Johnson, K., & Vanderhoef, D. (2016). Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (4th ed.). American Nurses Credentialing Center Carlat, D. J. (2017). The psychiatric interview (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.Johnson, K., & Vanderhoef, D. (2016). Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (4thed.). American Nurses Credentialing Center.Zakhari, R. (2020). The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual. Springer. Please revise underlined parts and proofread for me. Thank you. Health Science Science Nursing NRNP 6665
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